Introduction :

Lung is the one of the vital organ. In this article we have to see emphysema that effect the lung. It is a small article,……

Definition :

It is a long progressive disease of the lungs that primarily causes shortness of breath, due to over inflation of the alveoli.

Emphysema is included in group in a group is called COPD

CAUSES :

Smoking

Inhaled toxins

Indoor cooking & health

Work related causes

Risk factors :

Low body weight

Childhood respiratory disorder

Passive smoker

Air pollution

Occupational dust

Inhaled chemicals

Pathophysiology :

1 . breakdown of bronchioler walls

2 . Enlarged bronchiols

3 . Few and large damaged sac

4 . Result reduced surface area for exchange of oxygen in blood

5 . It is a permanent non reversible change

6 . Reduce respiratory functions

7 . Sacs are destroyed and narrowed

Finally lungs have a irreversible disease condition,…..

Frequent lung infection

Shortness of breath

Wheezing

Cough

Cyanosis

Weight loss

Anxiety and sleep problems

Fatigue

Diagnosis :

History collection

Physical examination

Chest x ray

CT scan

Pulmonary function test

ABG analysis

Disease Management :

Pharmacology :

Bronchodilators

Beta-antagonist

Anticholinergics

Corticosteroid

Therapies :

Oxygen therapy

Pulmonary rehabilitation therapy

Nutritional therapy

Surgical management :

Lung volume reduction surgery – In a scenario

Lung transplantation

Nursing management ;

Asses patients condition like physical examination, pulmonary system examination

Monitor vital signs according to the patients condition

Provide back rest and comfortable position

Administer oxygen therapy

Administer drugs as per doctors prescription

Help to regain through breathing therapy and inhalation

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